The Illustrious Captain Bartholomew Roberts. The most successful pirate of ALL time!

Dedicated with undying loyality & deference

Bartholomew Roberts

click to enlarge or HERE for new pix Sketch© drawn by Author/Webmaster
!A PARAGON AMONG PIRATES!
...and in this woman's opinion "The Sexiest man who has ever lived."
aka The Great Pyrate or Black Bart. Barti Ddu in Welsh
born in 1682 - died on Feb 10th, 1722

This site personifies the essence of a GREAT man
even though, to some, he may only be a Pyrate.
It is suggested you book mark this site. Though quite long, it is most deserving of your time.
It is strongly urged that you DO NOT Depart without reading "THE WHY"

PROLOGUE

In 1682 an exceptional man, christened John^a, son of George^N9,N10, was born in the tiny village of Casnewydd Bach or as Pronounced in Welsh "Gas Newy’ Bach," Pembrokeshire, Wales [Little Newcastle: map1 map2] howe'er ‘twould be not untill his late-thirties that said man would come to realize his true worth.

On the cusp of his teenage years, he was, when the young, curly sable haired, John Robert, with sable eyes, went to sea as a cabin boy. As logic demands, this young man returned to the place of his birth when his enlistment period ended, but there he did not stay^a.

Altho’ his father, George Robert, was a landowner, conditions on land during the period were harsh and after a couple of years, having his brother William to carry on in his stead, this handsome, olive-skinned man with broad-shoulders^1,3,19, standing more than two yards tall, of good natural parts and personal bravery¹, returned to the sea, whereby he served in the Royal Navy betwixt 1702 and 1713 ^3,13, during the time of the Spanish Succession.

Whilst the War raged on, John became a highly proficient seaman, navigator and handler of men, belieeving the latter was achieved, not thro’ strict deportment, but appeasement. Nevertheless, when the war ended, despite being an invaluable member of the crew, John Robert, now 31, found himself jobless, just as were thousands of those who earned their living upon the sea.

Life on land was as harsh as ever and work on both land and sea was scarce. As a result a great deal of men turned to piracy and as it turned out, many of those who Had found work as honest seamen, found themselves turning to piracy at the first available opportunity as a means to escape the harsh treatment and meagre rations so prevalent among both Naval and Merchant vessells.

Altho’ the exact time frame is not knowne, John Plantain, who eventually became the virtual King of Madagascar, maintained that in 1718, when he signed on board the Sloop, Terrible, captained by John Williams, the first mate was John ‘Bartholomew’ Roberts.

Shortly thereafter, whilst en route to West Africa, the Terrible was seized by the pyrate, Edward England, Captain of the Pearl. Seemingly most of the crew remained, remarkably keeping their places. Sailing on, sev'rall prizes were taken. The next ship kept was renamed Victory. John Taylor, a member of Captain England's crew was voted as her new Captain^3,d.

Despite the new prize, the recent engagements were near profitless, creating unease and much animosity began to ensue betwixt the senior officers, captains included. Irrespective of their opinions they abided these laxities in accordance with the laws that faithfully governed their democratic society. Edward England was favoured as Captain of the Pearl whos languorous crewmen swayed by his demeanour, enjoyed his gentle, easie going nature, and consequently, impertinent, forthright opinions remained at bay untill one man, John Robert, motivated by Edward England's determination, not onely to saile to the Indian Ocean, but to be made Commodore and with so many being, for the most part, content with an easie life, chances were his wishes would come to fruition. Being ‘twas both, a voyage and concept whereto, John Robert disagreed with, wholeheartedly^e, he held his tongue no more, utterly refusing to abide what he considered ineffectual and power craving leadership, spoke openly and with conviction when the opportunity arose during conflicting suggestions made by the senior officers regarding which heading to take. Subsequently, not being able to resolve their differences, the pyrates broke ranks. Of the combined crews the majority sailed with Edward England to the Indian Ocean aboard, the Pearl and the Victory, and Captain England was indeed elevated to the rank of Commodore. Others sailed elsewhere aboard, the Terrible. The remaining men, those who belieeved and trusted in the judgment of John Robert, returned to their lives as honest seaman.

.

Looking ever forward, John journey'd to England in search of work, securing the position of third mate³ aboard, the Princess of London, a slave ship within the Merchant Navy commanded by Abraham Plumb. Not onely was this a tremendous reduction in rank and position, but John also regarded the type of work a deplorable trade to be sure, howe'er, notwithstanding these feelings, it was employment that would sustain him, and thus he signed on.

Almost immediately, November 1718 it was, the Princess of London set saile for the west coast of Africa to collect a cargo of slaves for the West Indies where they, as did with two other ships. Them being that of the Royall Hynde, a Pink, under command of Captain Hall and the Morris, a Sloop, Commanded by Captain Fenn⁴, whereupon they would trade for Negroes, gold and teeth^1,2.

Unbeknownst to the merchant ships, they were about to be besieged by none other than the well knowne Welsh pyrate, Hywel Davies, who, whilst commanding the Royall James, had no more than a month earlier, captured the Dutch Interloper, Marquis del Campo, off Cape Three Points Bay. The engagement was fervent, lasting from two bells that afternoon, unto the third ringing of two bells the next morn, as each crew member gave their all untill the Dutch Captain, who being regrettably unable to continue the fight, struck his colours. And a faire prize she was to be sure.

The Marquis del Campo, was an impressive square rigger, which carry'd thirty cannon and a crew of ninety. Among her many attributes was a magnificent great cabin, located just below the high poop deck. It alone was enough to breathe aspirations into any Captain worthy of his salt and that be not all, for her three masts be tall and stout; her construction throughout, solidly built. Lastly and most importantly she was yare.

As was customary aboard pyrate vessells, all unneeded bulkheads within the mighty Sloop be promptly removed as she was outfitted for their purposes, and moreover, even tho’ she be armed to the teeth, Captain Davies ordered still more cannon be mounted untill she boast'd not onely thirty-two, 8 pound cannon upon carriages, but twenty-seven swivels upon her railing, making her as formidable as anny Naval Frigate. Newly fit and ready to serve, ‘twas time it was that a new name be given to their captured prize and what was decided upon was, the Rover.

Proceeding to Annobón, which lies along the Guinea coast, with the Royall James in consort, ‘twas betwixt the hours of twelve and one at noon on a fine February, 1719, when the pyrates espy'd the three aforementioned ships lying at anchor within sight of the Royal Africa Company's Fort at Cape Corso Castle.

Alongside the Morris, where alone was found one hundred and forty Negroes, dry goods and a considerable amount of Gold-Dust, were sev'rall canoes, whereby some of the crewmen of said ship managed to row ashore and seek helpe; altho’ ‘twas to no avail, for when they fired at the pyrates they be out of range, but be that as it may, Captain Davies, in a defence posture, raised his black flag and return'd their fire. Immediately, without hesitation, those in command at that point in time, having temporary command whilst a couple of the Captains of the merchant ships be ashore conducting business, knew they could expect a heated engagement and undoubtedly loss of life among their crews. Therefore, belieeving it best, they promptly surrendered and ask for quarters. Captain Davies’ helmsmen were well suited to their duties as they kept both the Royall James and the Rover out of range of the harbour gunn emplacements, whereas, sailing alongside the Princess of London, her second mate, a nervous man named Stephenson, informed the pyrate vessell that both his Captain and the First Mate were on shore conducting business and also offering no resistance, asked for quarter, thereby treating the pyrates to an easie victory. The orders given to the Princess’ acting Captain were simply to come on board with all hands. Experience and faith told Stephenson that discretion was the better part of valour and boarded the Rover as he was ordered, followed by seven shipmates: John Eastwell, the ship's carpenter, William Gittus, a gunner, James Bradshaw, John Jessup, John Owen, Thomas Rogers and lastly John Robert^HCA1. The last man was tall, older than most and in his late thirties, broad-shouldered, dark haired, with a swarthy, stern face, brown from years at sea³.

Location: ‘El Principe’ aka Isle of the Princes

That same day, after placing upon them a prize crew, Captain Davies sail'd with two of the captured ships, their Captains and crews and made his way down the coast towards the Isle of the Princes, which is a Portugueze colony within the Gulf of Guinea.

Come earning morn the man on watch within the crow's nest espy'd a saile, and, wasting no time, Captain Davies gave chace. ‘Twas not long before the pyrates caught up with the ship, which was a Hollander. Being betwixt Captain Davies and the shore, her Captain, packing all the saile his yards could hold, made an attempt to run his ship aground in an attempt to escape upon the safety of land. Captain Davies, howe'er, being both shrewd and intelligent, surmiz'd the Hollander's intention, immediately ordered all sailes to be trimmed, sail'd alongside and, foregoing the pretence of discussion or terms, fired a broadside. The Captain of the Holland ship immediately struck his colours and call'd for quarter, which was granted, as it was among the majority of pyrate vessells, tho’ such granting be specifically outlined within the articles belonging to Captain Davies’, which states that under the pain of death, quarters, whene'er call'd for, MUST be granted.

The ship, that was returning to Holland, proved to be a rich prize, having amongst her passengers, the Governor of Acra with all his belongings; £15,000 l. and a wealth of valuable merchandizes, all of which was plundered.

Captain Davies and his crew, being delighted with their new success, in privy council, voted, whereupon restoring to Captains Hall and Plumb their ships, less thirty-five men collectively from these crews and that of the Morris Sloop, who, with the exception of but one, choose to join the pyrate crew. The remaining man was one John Robert from the Princess of London, and making the onely exception of his Captaincy in such an act, forced, at point of pistol, the recruitment of Mister Robert.¹¹.

The pyrates, feeling charitable, voted to return the Dutch ship along with her passengers.

[‘Tis onely speculation, but it must be assumed, considering this action, that Captain Davies undoubtedly saw within this man, a special quality, as did the crew of the Rover.]

The Memoirs of a Pyrate Captain

At first, aside from the obvious reasons, I, being a well-bred man, possessing a good education, was none too pleased with my situation, but over the course of sev'rall dayes, howe'er brooding, talked in length with Captain Hywel Davies, with whom I became great friends, who did not force me, but rather open my eyes to the Mundane way of life and the Despotic relationship existing betwixt the Common man and his Oppressors, otherwise knowne as the Degenerate Aristocracy, who, possessing wealth and social position, use their high and mighty status to increase their own selves whilst trampling upon those, who, without recourse, reluctantly elevate them to their exalted rank.

During the course of these profound conversations I learned much about their democratic society. ‘Twas altogether different than the dictatorship aboard a Naval ship and also that of a Merchant and the arrogant Masters who commanded them.

During this time, howe'er much I had softened to that which I had bin repulsed by, belieeving it to be morally a sin, I was not an active member of the crew, except when seeing that which I felt needed correction or giving assistance to those who, occasionally requested my helpe.

As time pass'd, a few weekes, Captain Davies and his crew, both Lords and Commoners, as they considered themselves, observed and complemented me upon my adeptness as a seaman, mariner and natural leadership capabilities and I was offered the placement of first mate aboard the Royall James, howe'er I was not yet keen to the idea and graciously, as not to insult those who thought so well of me, refus'd.

Their placement, in what was their owne private commonwealth aboard ship, was one of interest for a pyrate vessell. Their officers, being knowne as the ‘House of Lords,’ was conducted the utmost respect, referring to one another as ‘My Fellow Noble,’ and greeting each other as ‘My Noble Lord,’ whilst addressment by the commoners, who made up the balance of the crew, would be by rank or Milord^N18.

The pyrates were not at all as I had pictured them to be. Instead I found them, for the most part, to be men of honour, who's word, once given, was a bond that could be trusted, who functioned as a brotherhood for the betterment of all, again contrary to that of a Naval vessell or Merchant which served only for the gain, both wealth and social status, of it's commander and more so to those he served in loyalty. After much deliberation and soul searching I came to the conclusion, despite the loathing I had for their incessant drinking, reprehensible language and deplorable lack of propriety, that thenceforth I would become a willing member of the company, that thenceforth as my reason would be stated thus; "It is to get rid of the disagreeable superiority of some masters peregrinations had accustomed me — and the Love of Novelty and Change²." And to be knowne here and hereafter as Bartholomew Roberts. ‘Tis belieeved by some that my choosen name, Bartholomew, be taken from the Fair in Bristol which in knowne by the same name, howe'er this I shan't confirm nor deny.

Examining the events logically, we must conclude, considering the moral feelings possessed by the brooding John Robert when taken by Hywel Davies, that he, after much contemplation, believed wholeheartedly that a life as a pirate was preordained, though he had no idea until later, just what was to be the true nature of his inescapable future, beyond the joining of their ranks, but ‘tis believed, indubitably, by this author to be Destiny. John, once again being captured by pirates and his quick rise to Captaincy, one can easily draw to the conclusion that those of the Rover knew of John Robert from his days, while sailing with Edward England, which explains his acceptance speech^c. John, who was more than capable, yet unable to achieve his well-deserved position as Captain upon a Merchant or Naval vessel, feeling that such obtainment would be possible aboard a pirate vessel. Therefore, now believing this to be the long awaited fulfillment of destiny, he allowed his strong morals and character drive him into becoming the legendary pirate Captain, Bartholomew Roberts. This position, which was unlike that of any that came before him (or since), allowed him to show to all who opposed him, and with an unmitigated passion, what a grave mistake they had made in denying him a Captaincy.

Whilst en route to what was our destination, the Isle of the Princes, the Royall James sprang a leak. Captain Davies, who already accustomed himself, making a habit of seeking my advice. I suggested Cameroon Bay, stipulating that whilst repairs were made timber and fresh water could be taken on board. Unfortunately ‘twas discovered her hull had bin consumed by the Savage teredo worm and as she was deemed beyond repair, Captain Davies ordered her to be stripped. All manner of armament was taken, as were valuables and all other items of use and after she be anchored at we departed.

Upon coming in sight of land both the ship's Quarter-Master,Lord Walter Kennedy and the Bosun, Lord Richard Jones, were for direct action, but once again, I, Bartholomew Roberts, the intrepid newcomer, who knew El Principe well said, "Nay, Capten. This fort, she is well protected. A battery of twelve cannon guards the mouth of her harbour. Even should we saile in unmolested ‘twould be impossible to leave once the alarm was sound'd." Therefore, heeding to his fellow Welshman's knowledgeable advice, Captain Davies devised an alternate plan and ordered the hoisting of English colours, specifically that of a Man-of-War. ‘Twas by this time, seeing our large, three-masted Sloop approaching, the inhabitants sent out a small Sloop to learn our intentions. After hailing, Captain Davies, having seene that his crew be properly attired and was himself dressed in finery, told them we were an English Man-of-War in search of pyrates and had receiv'd intelligence of such being upon this coast. Belieeving the story, we be well receiv'd and piloted into the harbour, and as customary Captain Davies saluted the fort with cannon fire, which was answered, whereby we, just under the harbour gunns, anchored. Immediately thereafter,Captain Davies ordered his pinnace hoisted out, and eight hands and a cox'n to row him ashore.

Over the next few dayes whilst the Rover was careened and stowed with fresh water, bottled beer (which is necessary when no drinking water was to be found,) provisions and other much needed necessities, all seemed to be going as planned. Various members of the crew, other than those gathering supplies, went ashore sev'rall times learning the lay of the land, routine of the inhabitants and where valuables were kept.

Our Sloop, which be blocking the harbour entrance, has brought a French ship wishing to enter to a halt. Three of our boats, carrying a goodly number of our company, rowed on over, capturing her easily. Tho’ small she would be of use, replacing the Royall James. As not to alarm the inhabitants, the Governor herein was told of these Frenchmen and their dealings with pyrates and, as was our duty, their vessell had bin seiz'd on behalf of the King.

Nigh on a fortnight passes; it has bin a trifle less than six weekes since being forced, at the point of pistol, onto this pyrate ship and much has happened. I of course, tho’ a member of the crew hath not as yet participated in anny plundering or the taking of prizes, for since my willingness to join withal no prizes hath bin taken, howe'er, discussed the plans herein with Captain Davies, who sought my advice. He told me of his immediate plans and ‘tho I did not approve they commenced thus.

‘Twas the next day Captain Davies went ashore again with about fourteen men, all of whom had intentions of invading the women's quarters, but alas, for reasons unbeknownst to them, their plans went awry and the lot of them retreated to the ship, tho’ all quite sure they be unrecognized.

With the strategy plann'd and the ship careened, provisioned and ready to make saile, ‘Twas time for us, as ‘Gentlemen of Fortune,’ to carry out the plan and plunder the island. ‘Twas Captain Davies’ plan to present to the Governor, with his compliments, a dozen Negroes, thanking him for the fine hospitalities afforded them and afterwards invite him, along with his men and some friars onboard for some ship board entertainment whereby they, the lot of them, would be slapped in irons and held for £40,000 l. ransom².

As a shew of respect, Captain Davies went ashore himself taking with him Walter Kennedy and nine other with intentions to personally escort the Governor and his party leaving my selfe in command of one ship and Richard Jones the other, but the plan went not as expect'd. The shore party was ambushed, but fortunately two men escaped. Our ship’s Quarter-Master, Walter Kennedy, whose youthfulness, being onely 23 years of age, fled into the awaiting long boat and thus, was also to return to the ship, whilst the second man, who, running in yet a different direction. Finding himself cliff side he dove into the shark infested waters and was, fortunately, picked up by one of our boats which had by chance be returning from a fishing flurry. Upon their arrivall both men informed us that the balance of the shore party had bin waylaid and Captain Davies, who, thro’ the strength of resolve, being mortally wounded, had fired both his pistols. The crew was torn; half wanting to flee and the rest to stay an avenge our Captain and Mates. But I, in light of this devastating news, knew ‘twas a necessity that we, who be anchored beneath the harbours’ twelve gunns, for as I said to them, "We be in grave danger. First we must escape to safety and once out of harms way plans could be made." My advice was heeded, but the winds did not favour us, and I, to ensure our survival, tooke command and by virtue of my adroitness, made speed getting under saile, thereby saving ship and crew. ‘Twas not too long before I had positioned our sloop to lay off the coast, just out sight of land and now, free from danger, plans could commence. First howe'er, as the perplexity of ensuing chaos arose, one member of the company pointed out a necessity, saying: "The good of the whole, and the maintenance of order, demands a head, but the proper authority be deposited in the community at large; so that if one should be elected who did not act and govern for the general good, he could be deposed, and another be substituted in his place^3,12.

Tho’ I be not amongst them, there be sev'rall who stood for Captain, including Walter Kennedy. The others being, Lords Henry Davies, Thomas Anstis, Valentine Ashplant, Christopher Moody, David Sympson, Dennis Topping, James Phillips and Thomas Sutton. During their debate, Lord Henry Dennis, our gunner, arose and made the following speech.

Captain Roberts

"It is not of anny great Significance who is dignify'd with Title of Commander; for really and in Truth, all good Governments have, like ours, the Supreme Power lodged with the Community, who might doubtless revoke and depute authority as suited Interest or Humour. We are the original of this claim and should a Captain be so sawcy as to exceed Prescription at anny time, why down with him! It will be a caution after he is dead to his Successors, of what fatal Consequence any sort of assuming may be. Howe'er, it is my Advice, that, whilst we are sober, we pitch upon a Man of Courage, and skilled Navigation, one, who by his Council and Bravery seems best able to defend this Commonwealth, and ward us from the Dangers and Tempests of an instable Element, and the fatal consequences of Anarchy; and as such a one I take Roberts to be. A fellow! I think, in all Respects, worthy your Esteem and Favour²!"

This speech, so eloquently presented, was received with much applause by all except that of Lord Sympson, who, after growing sullen, left us saying, "I care not who ye choose as Captain, so ‘tisn't a papist, for against them I hath conceived an irreconcilable hatred."^1,2 His reason, I hath bin told, being that his owne father had bin a sufferer in Monmouth's rebellion.

Despite it had bin, but a mere six weekes that I be amongst them, I found my selfe elected accordingly to a position I had hoped for my entire adult life, a Captaincy, upon which I stood and accepted, the honour afforded me, saying; "Since I hath dipp'd my Hands in muddy water and must be a Pyrate, it is better being a Commander than a common Man.^c,2." After pausing for a moment I continued stating: "No! A merry Life and a short one, shall be my Motto^1,2;19."

As soon as the government was settled, the company, who held a high regard for their late Captain, as his good nature and affability gained him much respect, resolved to avenge his murder and was but a weeke later we returned to the Isle of Princes and sought justice.

Lord Kennedy, tho’ wicked and a profligate^1,2, is knowne also for his boldness and daring, hath bin ashore sev'rall times and being familiar with the terrain, decid'd the best course of action would be to attack the rear flank of the fort on land, but I thought better against his proposed expedition and devised a strategy for a frontal assault, instilling upon them that such a shew of daring, would instil such awe within them that they would flee and ‘twas thus that I proposed.

Lord Kennedy would lead the ground assault and go ashore with 30 men, whilst I command'd the attack with cannon from aboard ship.

Tho’ unsure at first, I was, after careful explanation, able to impress upon my company the logic of my proposal and such being the case, my plan was accepted.

Once making land fall, displaying tremendous fortitude and courage, off they march'd; up the steep embankment towards the harbour gunn emplacements, directly beneath the fire of our gunns. Upon discovery the Portugueze fired into their ranks, and as I predicted, the Portugueze, seeing there gunns had no effect, quitted their posts and fled to the town, whereupon Mister Kennedy and his men march'd without opposition, heaving the cannon ov'r the ridge, sending them into the sea below and in completing their task, set the fort ablaze. Upon success of my plan they, all of them, quietly and quickly made their way back to the ship without casualty^1,2.

Howe'er, tho’ the mission, both on land and water was very successful, ‘twas not look'd upon as sufficient satisfaction for the loss of Captain Davies and other members of our crew. The majority of the company were for burning the town, which I agreed I would yield to, if anny means could be proposed of doing such without bringing forth our owne destruction, for the town had a securer situation than the fort, being a thick wood coming almost upon it, affording cover to the occupants, who, under such an advantage, I told them, it was to be affrighted, instead suggesting a very different plan of action stating, "would fire stand better than cannon; besides, the burning of bare houses would yield a thin reward for our trouble and loss^1,2." Altho’ my prudent advice prevail'd I thought against using the Rover, for the water being shoal was not fit for our purpose. Howe'er, I went on to explain: Within our possession still we had the French ship that be of shallow draft and I suggested that whereon would she not better suit our purpose. The lords and commons, concurring, light'ned the vessel that would do our bidding, fitting her with cannon untill she numbered twelve and towing with ropes sev'rall more that we lashed upon rafts and positioned near as possible to the beach. Once ready we ran the French ship along the shore, therewith we thoroughly and well shelled the town and battered down many outlying houses; after which we return'd to our Sloop and having no further use for it we abandoned the French ship, sailing out of the harbour by the light of two Portugueze ships, which we be pleas'd to ‘ave set ablaze^1,2,3,15.

Location: ‘Bahia de los Santos’

Nigh August 1719 it was, sailing southward where we met a Dutch Guinea Man², which I made a prize of, but after having plundered her, it being my firm desire to establish from the beginning, she, being my first ship not onely to plunder, but also as a Pyrate Captain, I set my example; one that was to speak loudly to all: Those who freely co-operate and projecting arrogance, whilst maintaining proper respect, which I felt was my due, would be permitted to depart unharmed. Thus having no need of this vessel ‘twas voted the Captain and his crew be allowed to be on their way.

Two Days later, We tooke an English ship, call'd the Experiment, at Cape Lopez. ‘Twas one of the oddest of happenings, for it seemed that none of the seaman aboard Brigantine liked what it was that earned them their bread. Excepting her commander, Captain Cornet and sailing master, one Thomas Grant all joined eagerly. ‘Twere these men alone who did not see fit to becoming that of a pyrate and this not be all. This man was knowne by our Quarter-Master who, without knowne cause, hauled Mister Grant into the Great Cabin. Cursing at him, "Damn you!" Said he. "I know you and will sacrifice you³." Whereby delivering to him a severe blow, hitting Mister Grant in the mouth, sending him to the deck, bleeding and fearful for his life for Lord Kennedy begun to beat him mercilessly. I sent an note to Captain Cornet inviting him for Tay and Conversation whilst my crew conducted their business, as was forever a rule for my guests, Captain's and Governor's alike, but as it was in this case, to further shew those who shall later be within my grasp I made it known. "This day the Experiment, Captain Cornet, master which I was obliged to send to the bottom since the good Captain refus'd my offer of Tay, so we put him ashore in a small boat and less dignity¹⁶."

‘Twas Lord Kennedy, in accordance with his duties, saw to it that the Experiment was thoroughly stripp'd of her valuables and then set the torches to her^HCA2.

"Sometime later it was, we enjoyed reading, as came to me a pastime of some pleasure, a newspaper saying: "See what the rascal does," says one of the Colonial Governors who chose to explode onto paper about it: "with the majesty of Government! He writes me letters inviting me to take Tay with him— A Governor of His Majesty sipping Bohea and swopping small talk with a pirate?—¹⁶"

‘Twas lucky for Mister Grant indeed that sev'rall of my crew saw fit to intervene, for I my self was not of a mind. Whilst restraining Lord Kennedy the men shouted for the sailing master to get out, which he immediately paid heed.^N1

‘Twas the next daye we captur'd a Portuguese trade ship, bearing little cargo, and two dayes more, sailing westward, fell upon the Temperance, commanded by one Captain Sharman. She was well suppli'd in pots, pans and metalware, which was on board to trade for, tho’ unsuccessfully, for slaves. Howe'er, being she was a fine ship, I saw fit to keep her, giving to her former Captain the Portuguese craft we still had within our possession.^COP1.

Steering for São Tomë we met with no ships and continu'd on untill reaching the Isle of Annobón, where we anchored. ‘Twas here we water'd and provisioned the ship and upon gathering for council put to a vote the sailing to Brazil or the East Indies. The company, by majority vote, resolved to saile to Brazil, a journey which tooke us, onely, a span of twenty-eight days.

Arriving by design to the tiny uninhabited island of Fernando de Noronha, off the coast of Brazil, forever imprinted my mark of navigation skills, not onely instilling much confidence into the hearts and minds of my crew, but within the annuls of history, as they became legendary. Our Rover was in need of the tedious chore of careening, which to achieve the best possible performance from our ship, commenced at least every three to four weekes, and ‘twas here that we anchored to carry out the task. Upon beaching the ship was light'ned. Her cannon, stores, water casks and other heavy cargo was plac'd on shore and her top masts were removed. Tents were set up ashore, for we would reside upon land during the cleaning. With ropes and pulleys attached to her lower masts, and the usage of stout timber in the woodland, she was heeled o'er onto her side. Lord Main, the companies choosen Bosun, issued assignments, as this was among his responsibilities. Whilst one crew scraped her hull thoroughly of the infectious Marine life and weeds, the ship's carpenters followed behind making repairs. Once complete, the ship is caulked and finally a generous mixture of my owne recipe of Red Lead, Sulphur and Tallow is apply'd to her hull¹⁶, for not only does such a mixture deter encrustations, but helps her to better slip thro’ the water whilst also giving her an Impressive as well as fearsome appearance. Amid this work there are still others who be set to the task of filling the water casks and gathering provisions. All of our labours tooke one weeke and a halfe more as we prepared for our cruise.

We sail'd on the ebb tide and cruised just beyond the horizon, out of the sight of land, but for nigh on nine weekes time we did not sight a single saile. My crew, as did I, dismayed by these empty waters, thought it best to depart and upon the vote of my company we set our course for the West Indies.

‘Twas September of 1719/20 and with the intention of watering and provisioning our ship for the long saile, I made course for Bahia de los Santos. By dusk we be steering into the harbour and to my delight I, as did my crew, espy'd a fleet of heavily laden Merchant ships.

We heaved to. This twas quite a situation and whilst my crew thought to wait untill full dark, for upon this night would be no moon, and under the cover of darkness they felt they could slip away, but my thoughts were of a different sort.

The presence of saile here explained to me the lack of such these past two months and more. Here was gathered the treasure fleet of the Portageese, as I call'd them¹⁶;. knowne to contain a years quantity of riches, and a hearty amount of welcomed supplies and necessities, all of which, in good assortment, I be most sure could be found upon the richest ship in the fleet.

Nine weekes is a long stint for a pirate vessel to saile without reward, howe'er I find my selfe to be greatly pleas'd, for in a remarkably short time I have impressed upon my capable, yet unruly company a great deal, rapidly turning them into a well-greased attack force. Altho’ their manners and moral conduct have not changed, their courage is beyond compare and in time I know their seamanship abilities will be without peers. They are, nevertheless, becoming increasingly restless and I knew I needed to restore within them uncompromising thoughts of my abilities even tho’ much of which be considered by them are as in omens. But howe'er superstitious the average seaman may be, a Captain, when blessed with a measure of good luck within his repertoire, is revered. My luck, of course, is to be proficiently skilled in navigation, seamanship and to possess a healthy supply of courage and resolve. Altho’ here and now, this fleet, which lay within my view was indeed just the good fortune I needed, and I knew ‘twas not by luck that would prevail and see my plan thro’, but vigilance, skill and cunning.

In all there be forty-four ships, two of which be seventy gunn Man-of-Wars. The Lords wished us to depart, silently and in haste, but I thought otherwise saying,"Nay— Wee shall attack!" Continuing with enthusiasm, "Plundering brings not onely wealth in the form of gold, jewels and plate, but in provisions and much needed necessities and that which I lies before us be the wealth of a lifetime. To obtain it we could retire in luxury from this single plunder."

During the course of council, my company be, understandably, dubious. ‘Twas a large number of ships to combat and we be but one lone band of Rovers with one ship, but once the plan formulated in my mind, I proposed to them thus. We would mix in with the fleet, keeping our crew hid, untill we had gained the intelligence we sought. With this plan I perswaded them; convincing them that the element of surprize and sheer audacity would see us thro’ and upon the deck I drank a toast in our best Tay to our victory, "Let's drink a Damn to the Halter, lads, and them that lives to wear it¹⁶." And borne was a ritual which would continue prior to anny engagement.

Sailing thitherward, ever so quietly, for the noise created by my ship upon the water was not distinguishable from the others so common at sea, we came abreast one of the heaviest laden ships." Upon noticing how close we be, her Captain, understandably anxious, saw me upon the deck of my ship and enquired." My reply was a simple one for we were within boarding distance when I gave the order." Jumping to their feet my crew brandished their cutlash's and pistols and upon such a shew of force, being under the threat of a broadside and the display of my well armed crew, I informed the Captain that unless he came aboard my vessell immediately our onslaught would be one of No award of quarters should if anny resistance be offered or signal of distress be made.

The Portugueze Master, being in shock from my threat and seeing the formidable Cutlash's and pistols before him, comply'd with the orders and came on board.. Upon the conclusion of my gracious salute, I informed him we be ‘Gentlemen of Fortune,’ howe'er our business with him was merely the seeking of information. Upon the asking of which ship to be the richest in the fleet, I gave him assurance that his proper reply would achieve him my forbearance and afterwards I would return him to his ship without incident, whereas misdirection would yield him an unpleasant end to both he and his ship.

Belieeving my words, and rightly so, the Portugueze Master, without hesitation, pointed, naming the Sagrada Familia, which lies near the mouth of the harbour. In the attainment of further information from the Portugueze, ‘twas learned she mounted forty cannon and carry'd a crew compliment of one hundred and men, a discovery which instilled more than slight amount of affrightment within my crew, but this in no way dismayed me. My crew, observing my demeanour, regain their courage and remained steadfast, as all orders were mine alone and anything less than courage would be considered cowardice.

As we sail'd on over, it was difficult to see in the dark night, but still I could see that which I be told to be true. As she is indeed a much larger ship and without question heavier force.

Taking with us for the time being, the Portuguese Master and those of his crew who rowed him to our vessel, as our captives, we immediately sail'd along side the heavily armed ship and ordered our high ranking prisoner to hail her Commander, ordering him to ask, "How Senhor Capitão did?^1,2,12" and invite him onboard for confidential communication of some importance, which was reply'd, "I shall wait upon you presently.^1,2,12"

Whilst awaiting his arrivall, for first his boat must be hoisted out, we perceived by the actions of yonder, Senhor Capitão, who, by my judgement, was manoeuvring his ship into a posture fit for defence and ‘twas my belief that we be either discovered or at the very least under suspicion, whereby without further consideration I commenced with our plans for refusal as I hollered, "Raise our jack!" Immediately our black flag made it's way to the top of our main mast whereby I hollered again, "Open all larboard ports!" The gunn ports upon the Rover, which be manned and ready for action, were opened without delay and whilst the cannon be hauled into position, "Grapnels ready." Within a few moments the cannon were in place and I boomed, "Fire!" After pouring in a broadside upon which I immediately shouted, "Away grapnels." Without delay my crew quickly drew upon the ropes bringing the Sagrada Familia within boarding distance and before the smoke cleared, she be boarded, which entailed a warm, yet short clash of steel and pistol thereupon many of the Portugueze fell with a loss of but two of our company and upon the captured ship we, without delay, slipped her cable and made saile, heading for the open sea.

By this time the fleet was alarmed. Flags bearing signals upon topgallant sheets had bin raised and gunns fired, whilst trying desperately to raise the attentions of the Captains upon the Man-of-Wars, who be still laying at anchor. ‘Twas my opinion that yon commanders of them Men-of-War be totally blameable in the highest degree, for ‘twas their negligence that allowed us such freedoms within the fleet they were to be protecting, and as such they be unworthy of the positions afforded them, yet still they held the positions in, so-called, ‘Honest Labour’ that, I, evidently more qualify'd, had passionately sought and bin deny'd.

The Sagrada Familia be heavy to saile and resolving not to lose so faire a prize I ordered her to lay by the headmost of they, who were finally getting underway to give us chace whilst preparing for battle. The lead Man-of-War, though being of superior force was obviously affrightened, for the Spineless Captain not daring to confront me and my company alone, choosing rather to heave to and await her consort, who dawdled, thus making for us our task of departure to be effortless. ‘Twas not long after that I call'd for the men to gather on deck below the Quarter-Deck, whereby I gave to them much congratulations regarding their performance and their courage. As battle would not again ensue this day and we sail'd off.

Upon examination we found our booty to be exceedingly rich. Consisting of furs, jewels, a multitude of hogsheads and chests containing sev'rall tons of sugar and rolls of tobacco, hides, chains, trinkets, 40,000 gold moidores^N5 and a magnificent large gold cross encrusted with diamonds³, which I discovered was especially designed as and intended for, John V, king of Portugal. Superlative in all respects, the cross be, truly well-suited as intended and so it would be forever worn, for I resolved to be the King of Pyrates, and so thus I became. Upon finding for my selfe a suitable gold chain, equally rich in elegance, hung upon it the cross and as I plac'd it about my neck I knew that I would wear it for all time.

‘Tis here where I shall list some of the various Newspaper articles and other writings that amused us so.

Weekly Journal January 2, 1720

‘By our letters from the West Indies we have an account that the pirates continue to be very numerous there, and do incredible damage to trade by taking, plundering ad destroying the ships of all nations without distinction that come in their way.’
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer February 6, 1720

‘The Lisbon Fleet from the Bay of All Saints, Brazil, has arrived.   But one vessel of thirty-six guns was taken by a pyrate ship (formerly an English hog-boat) and two others plundered.’
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Listing the inventory carry'd by the Brazilian Fleet was the:

Daily Courant February 6, 1720

Lisbon.   January 27.   On the 21st inst.   The Brazil Fleet arrived, consisting of thirty-two sail.

1 man-of-war that conveyed them: 3 ships from the West Indies, 3 ships from Fernambuco and 25 from Bahia.

Their cargo:
7,794 chests of sugar, 128 baskets of sugar in cake, 21,751 hides, 92 barrels of honey 957 quarter-chests of sugar, 11,238 rolls of tobacco, 205 raw hides, 104 slaves.

Large quantities of planks and East Indies goods.   Gold in specie and dust not yet declared. For private people, 759,128 octaves of god dust and 164,161 moedas of gold.   For the King, 10,270 of the same.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Weekly Journey (a different issue)

February 13, 1720

‘The Pyrates off Brazil, of the number of 2,000 or so, purpose to make a base in Madagascar.’

My company, elated with more riches than ever did they durst to dream, had no more to think about except to set out for our destination, which lie a distance of some six hundred-fifty leagues north, north west, to the Lles du Salut off Surinam to the tiny islet, Lle du Diable^N2. Here, on the coast of Guiana, could be found a place of divine pleasure and luxury where the needs of my crew for wantonness could be satisfi'd.

Upon arrivall we be greeted in the highest order one can conceive. Within a short time, almost immediately, of our arrivall the be considerable trade be going on betwixt the governor, the factory, the wives and my crew, all of whom who extensively exchanged wares. But this be not the onely treasure to be found here, for in this river we seized a Sloop, which had come from the Americas and upon questioning the crew we gained knowledge of a Brigantine that had sail'd with her in consort. The Brigantine, which was from Rhode Island, so we have bin inform'd, is said to be laden with a much welcome cargo in the way of provisions, for ours be nearing exhaustion and there be little to be had at this settlement as yon ship be said to be that which is bringing forth supplies and as Sancho says, "No Adventures to be made without Belly-Timber²."

Hailing from the masthead, whilst rifling thro’ the treasure ship, Sagrada Familia, came word of the afore descry'd Brigantine. She be approaching and feeling that the responsibility lyed with me, I tooke a complement of forty men, consisting of those best in my company including the Lords, Henry Dennis, Christopher Moody, Valentine Ashplant, Thomas Anstis leaving Lord Kennedy in charge of the prisoners as well as in command of both the Rover and our rich Portuguese prize, together with the booty since the Time of Captain Davies and the captured Sloop that, I, in honour of our plunder in Bahia, hath christened the Fortune^HCA3. Belieeving the Rhode Island Brigantine would be captured by mid-day and assuming the Fortune had bin made ready, I thought not to consider the provisions and water on board and set out after her.

We lost the sight of the Brigantine that first day and by misfortune we found our selves with out even a hint of breeze and at the mercy of the current where we drifted and then for sev'rall dayes more having to battle unfavourable winds and currents, whereby we found our selves thirty leagues to the leeward of whence we came.

The current was still in much opposition to our desires and our water was all but gone when praise be, for the Almighty be on our side, for we be within the sight on land and anchored and sent out six men, headed by Lord Moody, in our boat to inform our comrades of our extream neede. We were in desperation, but giving us strength, I praised Our Heavenly Father, for he granted us the subsistence needed to tear up the flooring below and fashion for our selves a raft and my selfe and sev'rall other, still possessing a measure of strength, paddled to shore, whereby we immediately, finding fresh water and meagre nourishment, did still gained a measure of strength upon refreshing our selves. In haste we return'd to the Fortune and to those of my company, who were much withered, we tooke much needed water and food.

‘Twas three days later, our long-awaited boat return'd, bringing with her the grave news that Walter Kennedy, our 23 year old choosen and supposed trusted Quarter-Master and held high within our ‘House of Lords,’ had with some eight others, absconded with both the Sagrada Familia and the Rover, all the treasure and necessities from Bahia as well as our proceeding and most successful ventures. This of course, which be with much echoed sentiments of we who were mortify'd, instilling within me, and the lot of us, an aversion to those hailing from Ireland, being how Kennedy be Irish.^HCA3

‘Twas later we heard vague reports, which left in our minds no doubts that our once trusted Quarter-Master, after waiting nine dayes for our return, belieeved we had perished, was the reason he left, but at the time we knew onely of our blight and held him in account for it.

We also learned that after transferring the booty, which was the haul from six or seven ships, he gave the Sagrada Familia to Captain Cane, releasing him and his crew and further learned that Captain Cane sail'd to Antigua where he gave our prize to the Governor of the Leeward Islands who wrote the follow letter to the Mr. Popple, who be the Secretary of the Commissioners of Trade and Plantations in London.

Governor Hamilton to Mr. Popple. February 16, 1720

‘We have of late heard of several pirates that rove in these considerable seas, particularly one of about 30 guns that had bin for a considerable time upon the coast of Guinea where she had done a great deal of damage, afterwards tooke a Portuguese ship upon the coast of Brazil, which he brought to the island of Cayon, a French islet lying off of Surinam; and there plundered her of a vast booty, mostly in moidores, not valuing the rest of the Cargo (which consisted of sugar, tobacco and Brazil plank) would have set the ship on fire but meeting a Rhode Island sloop to the master of the R.I. Sloop who with the Portuguese that were left on board brought her into Antigua where I have ordered a merchant to take care of her, and what remaining on board for use of the owner or owners^CSP1.’

Also to our dismay, we learned that Kennedy sail'd our Rover, further still; to the West Indian islands. When a saile was seene on December 15,1719, sailing towards Barbadoes, Kennedy, as Captain, sought his first capture and after a chace lasting seven hours he caught and plundered her. A Snow was she, call'd the Sea Nymph.

Later still Kennedy abandoned the Rover and 25 of the crew in favor of a Snow named, the Eagle. The Rover being too much ship for so small a crew, the pyrates were for traded her for a smaller sloop, but before the bargaining was complete she was spy'd by two men of notoriety. One Major Richard Holmes and Mister Thomas Ottley, who, knew they could, as honest men, claim the rewards for such a ship. Being out manned the pyrates abandoned our former ship and she was towed to St. Croix. A distance of 40 miles to the South. From there a message was sent to Governor Hamilton who added a postscript to Mr. Popple.

Governor Hamilton to Mr. Popple. February 16, 1720

‘Nevis. February 16, 1720 ‘I was told that last Sunday morning on the way to St. Eustatius and St. Thomas that a pirate ship lay under the Isle of St. Thomas, most of the pirates being on shore. Major Richard Holmes of Colonel Richard Luca's Regiment and Mr. Thomas Ottley went to the ship at anchor. She was well-armed with several pirate colours on board. As they were not able to bring her to any of my Inhabited isles they tooke her to Santa Cruis Isle where they left her in charge of officers of the Regiment till Major could tell me. So I sent Captain John Rose of the Seaford to bring her back. He sailed on February 15. ^CSP1.’

To my first command, I was forever reminiscent, for she ne'er reaches Nevis, and ne'er was it knowne just what became of her, but to return to the happenings of the moment.

Location: ‘Coast of Guiana, South America’

After recovering from our ordeal, which cost many men their lives, I sought to draw up, that which would be our Articles. After conferring with the Lords and Commoners, all who made up my company, we set the forth on heavy paper our laws that would best govern and maintain order in which to better preserve our society and protect my government therein.

Each member thereof, swore an oath and either signed or made his mark, excepting Irishmen, who would be excluded from the signing, now and hereafter, thus in keeping with our aversion, for the Irish, as be the one named Walter Kennedy, who be the cause of the aforesaid peril.

The Articles of Captain Bartholomew Roberts 1.   Every Man hath a Vote in Affairs of the Moment; has equal Title to the fresh Provisions, or strong Liquors, at anny Time seized, and use them at Pleasure, unless a Scarcity make it necessary, for the Good of all, to vote a Retrenchment.

2.   Every Man to be call'd fairly in Turn, by List, on Board of Prizes, because, (over and above their proper Share,) they are, on these Occasions, allowed a Shift of Cloathes: But if they defraud the Company to the Value of a Dollar, in Plate, Jewels, or Money, Marooning to be their Punishment.   If the Robbery was onely betwixt one and another, they shall content themselves with the slitting of Ears and Nose of him that is Guilty, and set him on Shore, not in an uninhabited Place, but somewhere, where he is sure to encounter Hardships.

3.   No person to Game at Cards or Dice for Money.

4.   The Lights and Candles to be put out at eight a-Clock at Night: If anny of the crew, after that Hour, still remain inclined for Drinking, they are to do it on the open Deck.

5.   To keep their Piecem, Pistols, and Cutlash clean, and fit for Service.

6.   No Boy or Woman to be allow'd amongst us.   If anny Man is found seducing anny of the latter Sex, and carries her to Sea, disguised, he is to suffer Death.

7.   To Desert the Ship, or Quarters in Battle, shall suffer Death, or Marooning.

8.   No striking one another on Board, but every Man's Quarrels to be ended on Shore, at Sword and Pistol.

9.   No Man to talk of breaking up our Way of Living, till each hath a share of £1000 l.   If in order to this, anny Man should lose a Limb, or become a Cripple in our Service, he is to have 800 pieces of eight, out of the publick stock and for lesser Hurts, proportionably.

10.   The Captain and Quarter-Master to receive two Shares of a Prize; the Master, Bosun, and Gunner, one share and a halfe, and other Officers, one and a Quarter.

11.   The Musicians to have Rest on the Sabbath Day, but the other six Dayes and Nights, none without special Favour.

I shall soon, for those who may desire to hang a copy upon their wall, placed a link to copy of these aforementioned Articles, which are printed on fine, heavy parchment and packed carefully.

As set forth by our newly elected Quarter-Master, Lord Thomas Anstis, "All new members of our company be a signing whilst also swearing an oath of allegiance upon this here Welsh bible, which we shall keep for this purpose alone, and in the presence of our Worshipful Captain, Mister Roberts."

After the commencement of those in our company, as they came forth to sign or make his mark, I began, saying, "These, which lye herein, be our laws; the breakage of such, we shall consider heavy crimes against our society. The last was to save those who played the music that not onely I loved, but which brought forth cheer and easier work and strengthened us going into battle whilst, hopefully, instilling a measure of fear as they announc'd our arrivall, for they also have need of rest, as any mate could request a tune, day or night.

After the commencement I began saying, "These, which lie herein, be our laws; the breakage of such, we shall consider heavy crimes against our society. The last was to save those who played the music that I loved would have equal rest, for any mate could request a tune, day or night. All remaining offences, those which we deem to be minor, not of importance to require that of a jury, shall be under the judgement of newly elected Quarter-Master, Thomas Anstis or my selfe, by way of thrashing or whipping, and we alone may prescribe and carry out such punishment. Lett it be knowne also, that within my government my power shall not be unlimited merely in chace and battle, but also in thrashing as stated, and if I so choose, the shooting of anny that durst deny or otherwise challenge my command untill such time, by majority vote, ye no longer wish me for Captain." I picked up my cup of tea and tooke for my selfe a healthy drink and continued, "Furthermore be it knowne, ye, and all of you, that I shall take charge over prisoners, the treatments thereof and such being the case, their punishment, if anny, be within my hands rather than one who be much harsher and far less forbearing than my selfe. Howe'er for obvious reasons I can not shew such that my common decencies be prevalent or the necessary terror that ensues upon my arrivall into a harbour would exist not, thereby onely leading to more death. This way," as I tell them, "For there is none of you but will hang me, I know, whene'er you can clinch me within your power^1,2."

A few other officers needed replacing, therefore a general election was held. Jones was re-elected Bosun. Henry Dennis remained Gunner and the long time Lord, Christopher Moody, was elected Ship's Pilot, tho’ his skills at navigation were not what they shouldst be, but I served to provide all the navigation necessary, letting Lord Moody sat saile to my prescribed orders. And now ‘twas time to go forth and plunder. Our Fortune, not nigh as mighty as our Rover be with her 32 gunns upon carriages plus her many swivels, but do she will, for I have a good crew and sailing northwards past Trinidad and onto the small island of Tobago. It was a hot little island, despite the sea-breezes which flowed, but since the London merchants acquired possession back in 1682 occasional trading suggested that a brief visit was in order.

In the Laquary Roads at Dawn on January 10^th, 1720, the Sloop, Philippa, was lying at anchor whilst her gout suffering Captain, Daniel Greaves, rested himselfe. The small crew, during their Captain's turmoil tooke their orders from John Wransford, the first mate, who was on deck when he espy'd an approaching canoe. Being ever cautious, warding them off, he ordered his crew to fire upon the encroachers. Seeing that his gunns had no effect towards the stoppage of my crew, Mister Wransford saw to it that he and his crew were armed and prepared, but as my crew, lead by Lord Anstis, drew alongside the crew of the Philippa were boisterously informed that no quarter could be expected if anny resistance was offered and escape under saile was impossible for the mouth of the small harbour was blocked with their well-armed vessell. In swift fashion the Philippa was boarded, her anchor weighed and in due time she was alongside the Fortune, that rested at Sandy Point. No better than my Fortune she plundered onely. Whilst Lord Dennis tooke the two cannon, Lord Jones carried off an anchor, a cable, hawser, and some tackles. Lord Anstis ordered the taking of bread ten casks of oatmeal and six of beef, an abundance of cloathes, a sixty-gallon cask of rum, and all the Musquets and other firearms plus five barrels of powder, 300 pounds of sugar twenty-five bales of goods and a little money.

Strangely enough, so thought all those present, I, presented to Captain Greaves an Indian and a Negro that we had taken previously from a French ship, but in my, what seemed like that of an unprecedented pleasant gesture was in actuality part of my plan. I knew that such would enhance my reputation as a pyrate, for the telling of such a deed would perpetuate widespread whilst also achieving victories without bloodshed. As others would see the sense of yielding and thereby reaping for themselves my favourable attitude. Also within the venture we increased our ranks when three of their seaman who enthusiastically joined my company, one of which being a Mister Simpson or ‘Little David’ as so call'd by his mates^COP2.

February tho’ busy, was not rewarding. We plundered the Sloop, Mayflower and a 10-gunn trader from Bristol, nigh Barbadoes, howe'er neither of these brought any rewards which justified the effort of the plundering. More prizes included the Benjamin of Liverpool nigh the 12^th, but sadly she brought onely meagre dry goods. Her commander was young and unthinking. As my presence was not needed I did not board her and mistakenly ‘twas reported Lord Anstis as our Captain, and once more knew not his correct name, stating it to be Thomas Hanse. Tho’ her cargo was meagre indeed we detained her for three dayes, just as a percausion^COP3.

The 18^th of the month brought us yet another ship, the Joseph, commanded by Bonaventure Jelfes, Again of meagre cargo and little provisions we proceeded. Sailing on we meet with another pyrate. One Montigny la Palisse, Captain of the Sea King. He and I, tho’ not in my favor and for reasons that still escape me, decided, in spite of my dislike of the fellow and his ways, he being like Calico Jack was more than content to pick up the leavings like the gulls whilst I was bold and decisive, wanting desperately to find plunder worthy of the efforts of me and my crew. Nonetheless howe'er we became partners^3,4.

All I can fathom that possessed me was that perhaps our combined effort could locate and plunder a sizeable ship, not that anny saile which had come within my reach had escaped thus far.

Steering, South by West, we sail'd for São Tomë we, espying no sailes, continued on to Annobón, where we anchored. ‘Twas here we careened, water'd and provisioned or sloop and voted to return to the West Indies.

‘Twas later I discovered, despite our charity, taking onely that which we needed from the Philippa and not pressing into service her crew, stripping her clean and setting her aflame, that Governor of Barbadoes, had bin, upon their arrivall into port, immediately informed of the incident, tho’ a petition still had to be made.

Outraged, tho’ more than any other reason for feeling put upon, the well appointed Governor granted the petitions. Considering there be no Man-of-War, or other suitable ship within that port, the very Bristol Galley, Philippa, which we plundered to be outfitted with 6-gunns and 60 men. Also therein, laid a Sloop, which was immediately outfitted with 16-gunns and 130 men. The Galley was under the command of her Captain, Daniel Greaves of Barbadoes and one Captain Rogers of Bristol, who is duly noted for his seamanship, leadership and bravery commanded the Sloop Summersett. Captain Rogers, by a commission from the aforementioned Governor, was appointed Commodore.

Friday it was, mid-day this on February the 26^th and I, at this time of course, knew nothing of the aforesaid goings taking place within that port and upon sighting said ships, gave the order to give chace. We sail'd easie upon them and sailing upon their stern, we, once in range, hoisted our jack and fired our forward cannon and swivels giving them a taste of our gunns. Expecting both to strike their colours and yield I brazenly ordered the sailing betwixt them. As we coursed betwixt them I discovered this not be the case and ‘twas evident that neither ship was laden with cargo or provisions. Onely moments had passed when, upon recognizing the Bristol Galley, I realized yon ships had bin sent out specifically to engage me.

"It be a trap!" I yelled. "Rig all sailes!" ‘Twas outrage that beset my veins, for it seemed that my charity towards them was to be repaid with vengeance. "So she be sent against us and we shan't disappoint them. Milord Dennis," I hearkened, as we closed to pass behind her. "Rake her stern!" Immediately my Gunner poured in a broadside, whilst our consort, the Sea King was obviously under orders from La Palisse for an immediate and hasty departure. But committed us I had to repay Captain Greaves for his unkind attitude and whilst my men dragged on ever inch of canvas they could pack to make for a swift attack and then off we'd saile. Both of the opposing ships forced us to receive their broadside. My men returned both which was the commencement of a fierce engagement. As we got off both opposing ships fired their cannon continuously, as did we. The Galley, sailing equally well, kept abreast of us. Her crew was trained well and ‘twas without question led by a most determined Captain, who's mettle not onely impressed me, but infuriated me beyond compare. With the Galley being free from burden and we heavily laden with plunder, provisions, fresh water and excess cannon, ‘twas obvious that we would not escape. Desperately I hollered "Heave the cargo and heavy stores over-board!" Frantically my crew following the order jettisoned much of our burdened some cargo from our deck, whilst more crewman hurriedly brought up heavy stores from the hold. Howe'er ‘twas not enough still. The Galley, sailing exceptionally well, continued to hammer us with constant bombardment, as did we in return.

To my dismay I was forced to order the jettisoning all of that we had acquired since the signing of my Articles, for it weighed us down within the water and thus hollered to my men, "Get clear or Die^1,2!"

Understanding my meaning my crew shed our burdens, heaving the majority of our fresh water and provisions over-board together with our cannon and anchor; all those items of hindrance, with the exception of the booty which remained untouched below deck. Now light'ned, our Sloop, the Fortune, got clear.

It has bin thenceforth, that I can not stomach the mention of those who be from, or otherwise have affable relations with Barbadoes and this I be upholding to both my selfe, and that of my company, that when meeting ships whose crew be men of this ilk we shall be particularly severe to them than to others, and not at all to those who strike their colours without incident.

To this incident were later read the following article:

Weekly Journal June 25^th, 1720
‘From Portsmouth in N. Hampshire they tell us that a brig arrived there from Barbados in 22 days and reported that a Bristol galley and a sloop were fitted out to take a pirate sloop of 12 guns that lay to windward of the island; they came up and engaged her but the pirate having a great number of men on board gave them such a warm reception that they were obliged to go back to Barbados without her. In this engagement many men were lost on both sides.’

Sailing on, having little left but our booty, Twenty of my company had died thus far and more of the injur’d would follow them to a watery grave. Not having had surgeon, as Archibald Murray ad bin amongst them that left with Kennedy, we bandaged and made them as comfortable as possible as we ventured to the island of Dominico, where I, being careful to maintain peaceful relations with the Spanish, tooke a fresh supply of water and provisions, trading our welcomed booty twixt the inhabitants, who, being a rather neglected outpost, cared not the means by which we afford said trade or our profession.

To my surprize and outrage, an incident which enraged also my company, we met discovered thirteen Englishmen who had bin set ashore by a French Guard de la Coste, belonging to Martinico. The Englishmen, who be seasoned recruits, willingly joined our company. Their spokesman, Robert Botson, said they'd bin there for nigh on three weekes³. They had bin taken two ships, one being out of New England. The other a Sloop, the Revenge, of Antigua that had bin seized as prize by the aforesaid French and for no reason they could discern were put Marooned here^HCA3. Upon the telling by I proposed the commencement of a worthy occupation, being that of avenging angels, telling them that piracy would be the means to achieve this end and we would all be paid exceedingly well in our new professions, with vengeance being the force that would forever be that which would drive us to victory. No longer would we be content with the plundering of lone ships, but after big game we would go, repeating time and again our victory at Bahia. My proposal was well received and our new careers as Vigilantes as well as ‘Gentlemen of Fortune’ was born.

Tho’ our Fortune be in dire neede of careening, I thought against Dominico, for it not, In my judgement, be a suitable or proper place for our task, whereby we hoisted anchor and sail'd directly for the Grandillos. After hauling into a lagoon at Corvocoo^N12 we made great speed in careening, watering and otherwise provisioning our Sloop for our proposed journey. Staying here a little more than a weeke, whilst we made plans to saile to Trepassi and deal out justice, upon the French of Martinico, where I deduced from our new English recruits, be their destination.

‘Twas later, after leaving here, we learned that my judgment be right on both occasions, for it came to be knowne to the French colony, who sending word to the Governor of Martinico, had equipped and manned two sloops to come to seek us out, first at Dominico and secondly, at Corvocoo Isle^N12, missing the two sloops from Martinico by onely a few hours as we sail'd over night and the French arriving the next morn. This was fortunate timing to be sure, especially considering, that ‘twas not from anny fears of discovery, that my company made hast from the island; but rather our quest for vengeance be that which drove us, as we were bound for Trepassi to embark on our new career and avenge the thirteen newcomers, whom were marooned upon the isle of Dominico.

‘Twas the beginning of March, Spring weather be upon us and brought forth rewards, for During our leisurely saile whilst en route towards Newfoundland, as my plans formulated we were amused by many diversions.

These new men, and all those upon the ships encountered by me; I must allow them to presume the worst in order to achieve an easie victory, without hesitation, as did most, and as a result they belieeve my words, spoken above, for the news carried by them, and others, spread swiftly telling the consequences of non compliance verses those who tamely submit, for ‘tis necessities, provisions and valuables that we seek, not their lives. Those, it must be said, that the harshest treatment shall be apply'd is to those who seek our destruction and also those ship's masters who ridicule or otherwise impugn my honour when it be them, and the merchants they serve, who, I belieeve, have committed the crimes upon the greatest number, not I. And as such, thro’ the spreading of my tolerance and how to achieve it, colours are stuck, quarters call'd for and respectfully granted.

In April, we plundered the Jeremiah and Ann, which be a Dutch Guinea Man, from both of whom we tooke on fresh men^1,2.

Two days later off Cape Lopez, we plundered another vessell also bearing the name of a previously plundered ship, the Experiment^1,2.

More amusement to lighten our burdens:

Daily Post May 7th, 1720
‘By a ship arrived this week from Barbadoes we have an account that the pirates continue upon that coast and few or no ships escape them; that some they plunder, others they carry off which together is an incredible detriment to the trade.’

This May of 1720, the waters yielded much to satisfy our needs and wants. Nigh on a dozen vessels had come into our view, all of which we happily plundered. In the latitude of Deseada we came upon provisions and other necessities upon two sloops, the Expectation of Topsham and the York of Bristol, which we pillaged with little or no resistance and a few days later we plundered the Brigantine that belonged to Rhode Island, as well as the Sloop, Happy Return and not forgetting the Mary and Martha.

Lastly, nearing mid June it was, we visited New England to sell our booty, then with intentions of watering and provisioning our Sloop we sail'd to into Ferryland^3,4. This harbour, same as the dozens of ships offered no resistance. A fact that I found most bewildering. Before departing this harbour I saw fit to show the Admiral herein the error of his ways of not protecting the region put in his care and burnt his ship^CSP1.

Location: ‘Trepassey, Newfoundland’
A peaceful morning prior to the arrivall of Captain Roberts.

Click for full page view.

This Tuesday, the 21st of June, 1720 was a morn to be remembered. Sev'rall dayes past I sent forth a message informing the inhabitants that I was to pay them a call. We be no more than a three leagues from our objective. Aboard our Sloop, we had in our company a mere sixty men and onely ten cannon^1,2 as we sail'd brazenly betwixt the closest ships. I looked at Lord Sympson, who was anxiously awaiting my first command, when I, whilst also giving to my musicians the nod to begin, in a calm methodical tone, ordered, "Raise our colours."

Without hesitation, Lord Sympson placed his horn to his mouth he hollered, "Raise the Jack!" And instantly the crewman on duty proudly ran our flag up the mainmast.

Within moments we were within range, taking the ships and their crews, unprepared as I knew they would be, I, speaking with a deliberate voice, loudly, as to give the orders without the assistance of our Quarter-Master, ordered, "Up all ports!" Instantly the cannon port doors flew open and the men on the gunn crews heaved upon the hulking ropes, hauling the heavy cannon quickly into place. And whilst the ship's musicians beat their drums and sounded their trumpets, I thrust down my sword and boomed, "Fire!" Sending a broadside of fire and metal bursting upon the decks of both French ships simultaneously, half of the cannon fired exploding cannon balls sending shrapnel flying in all directions, whilst the remaining were loaded with a fierce anti-personnel weapon knowne as grapeshot, that sent the crews, fearing for their lives, running for cover whilst others jumped ship.

As our Fortune coursed swiftly thro’ the water, the crews of the twenty-two ships were taken utterly by surprize, whilst my crew quickly reloaded, I ordered, "Men-, prepare to come about," and within moments, as we cleared the bow, I hollered, "Helm, hard-a-larboard," and our blessed ship, being Yare, quickly responded under the artful direction of the ship’s pilot and deck crew, who we quite skilful and quick in the placement of sailes. As we tacked our Sloop betwixt two more of the French ships, I again hollered, "Fire!" and another volley barrelled away as some twelve-hundred panic-stricken sailors onboard the ships in the harbour, mostly aboard Sloops, fled in terror, abandoning their posts, escaping in either long boats or by jumping over the side.

Sailing on thro’, we continu'd our barrage of cannon fire upon the ships that came into the path of our gunns. Being interested in the Brigantine, a two-masted square rigger^3,, we sail'd abreast and with the intention of seizing her, I bellowed, "Grapnels away!" Promptly and accurately, the grapnels were thrown and the crews on the ropes swiftly brought the two ships securely together. I, who was among the prize crew that boarded the Brigantine, found my selfe somewhat disappointed, being in the mood for fighting, but alas there was no need for my Cutlash, for the remainder of her crew jumped ship the moment we swung onboard. I looked over the ship and deciding the Brigantine would not only be well suited to our needs when modified, but also far more sea worthy than the worn down Sloop we arriv'd in and upon the transference of my Jolly Roger she was renamed the Good Fortune.

I be outraged as we sail'd unchallenged thro’ the harbour. With over 1,200 hundred seaman and 40 pieces of cannon the harbours defences could of easily blown us to bits when we enter'd the harbour, yet instead, every man and jackal fled without one gunn being fired in retaliation, leaving us free to plunder or sink as we choose. My ill temper from this blatant shew of cowardice was evident and as a result I felt it fitting to allow my crew a well deserved holiday in this port at the expense of the populace and Shoppe keepers. After a privy council with the Lords ‘twas decided that here we settled in.

The plundering of the ships could be done at leisure, whilst my crew, who, when not working their shift, would be free to enjoy themselves shore side to the utmost, for all was theirs for the taking. I on the other hand, not being inclined to gamble, being a teetotaller and having no use for loose women, saw no purpose in going ashore, staying aboard the Brigantine; I supervised the refit and for a fortnight, whilst the 21 ships within Trepassi harbour be efficiently plundered my crew spent a goodly amount of time on shore taking full advantage of the situation. Their drinking bouts were constant as was their wenching, howe'er ne'er did they neglect the duty of their shift; taking provisions, fresh water, plundering the harbour and her ships as ordered and locating the necessities ashore that be needed, including medicines and other similar items of considerable value. But these were not the onely pleasures. Each morning a cannon was fired from my new ship signalling all the Captains in port to come on board and take breakfast with me whilst the issuance of orders was made, including Admiral Babidge, who despite the wounds inflicted upon him, for I had him lashed to the mast of his owne ship and flogged severely for his cowardice. More than the other Captains did this man peeve me. He was the onely man who paid any heed to my letter, making his ship ready to do battle upon my entrance into Trepassi harbour, yet at the sound of my drum and trumpet he fled, along with his frightened crew and therefore punishment was more than in order.

When all was plundered and deemed complete there be no further reason to stay and that next day it was decided, after a vote of the lords, who were in unanimous agreement, to set saile. I was still so upset by the lack of courage by both the common seaman and those in powerful positions ashore, but especially by those Captains and the Admiral which be the masters of the ships in this harbour that upon concluding my business thought onely to punish them further, tho’ my proposed destruction of the ships here was not for the purpose of sinking ships, but to instil humiliation upon those who have no rights to be knowne as either. So, proceeding, in our vendetta, following the pre-arranged plans I had made before our arrivall, we continued to wreak havoc as we departed. Not a ship nor boat in the harbour, of which lay 250 fishing boats^3,4, most in the general vicinity of the hatcheries, was unscathed as my crew blasted the lot with cannon or hurled upon them torches, whilst also laying waste to the coast and their livelihood with much vigor in retribution as we dealt out our owne version justice, as well as also laying waste to the sheds and machinery along the shore and whilst many of the ships were sinking, others be ablaze.¹⁰.

‘Captain Roberts wreaks havoc whilst achieving justice.’

‘Twas to our owne satisfaction, and that which I felt was to my credit, as our company was joined by sev'rall of the inhabitants. Upon the deck of the Brigantine, we placed our booty, tho’ ‘twasn't much, for we came not to plunder, but to avenge.

Taking with us sev'rall cannon, we had outfitted our new prize with sixteen when almost immediately, whilst sailing along the banks of Newfoundland, we met with nine or ten French saile and still beleaguered with the desire for we destroyed all except one twenty-eight gunn ship. This three-masted ship, I felt, was the equal of my first command and feeling sentimental I christened her the Royall Rover, and being a charitable sort I ordered our old, warn out Sloop, the Fortune, left behind for the Frenchmen.

NEWPAPER ACCOUNTS
The Boston Newsletter, a newspaper from the Americas, tells of the Flamboyant arrival:

‘‘... the pirate Roberts went into Trepanny with drums beating, trumpets sounding and other instruments of music, English colours flying, the pirate flag at the topmast head with death's head and cutlass...¹⁶.’’

Governor Spotswood of Virginia wrote the following to the Admiralty:

‘‘... with no more that a sloop of ten guns and sixty men, the pirate Roberts ventured into Trepanny in Newfoundland were there were twenty five merchant ships upwards of twelve hundred men and forty pieces of cannon, any yet for the want of courage in the heedless multitude plundered and burned divers ships¹⁶.’’

According to one observer of the day. ‘‘Roberts’ men were, a parcel of furies.’’

The governor of New England professed, ‘‘One could not withhold admiration for their bravery and daring⁸.’’

A Secretary of Placentia, nigh Trepassi

July 3^rd, 1720

‘‘There are many ships drove in here by the pirates who infest our coast and in one of our next ports the have burnt and destroyed twenty-six ships with a great number of fishing craft. Those pirates have now plundered near 150 boats and 26 ships at Trepassy and St. Mary's which, if a communication had been cut overland, had not been above 2 days march to have rescued these harbours where the pirates have been repairing the ships for 14 days past, nor could any vessel sail from hence to reprive ‘em if we had any ships of force^COP5.’’

Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer

November 26, 1720
‘‘St. Lawrence. June 28. A pirate in a small sloop of 12 guns and 160 men entered Trepassy on Tuesday the 21st inst, and made himself master of the said harbour and of all the ships there, being 22 sail and 250 shallops. He made the masters all prisoners and beat some of them heartily for their resistance. The Admiral, one Babidge, in the Bideford Merchant, suffered most because he and all his hands left their ship with jack, ensign and pendent flying, his guns all loaded, in order to defend themselves, but the pirate was close alongside him, struck his colours, hoisted their own, and fired all his guns. They cut his masts and several others close by the deck. He cut all the other ship's cables in junks and their shrouds. He seized one Copleston's ship for himself, and set all the ships carpenters to work to fit her for his purpose. He threatened to burn all the rest and to hang one of the masters at his entrance. He destroyed about 30 sail, French and English, on the Banks.’’

Location: ‘Newf